Glossary
| 4G | The fourth generation of mobile technology with advanced requirements. 4G usually includes a family of advanced technologies enabling bandwidths of over 100 Mbps |
| 5G | The fifth generation of mobile technology achieving higher bandwidths than 4G, driving greater mobile availability, extremely reliable large-scale networking of devices, lower latencies, bandwidths of 1 Gbps – 2 Gbps, and lower energy consumption by batteries. 5G adoption will drive the expansion of the Internet of Things |
| ACRA | Analytical Credit Rating Agency |
| API (Application Programming Interface) | An interface between two different applications so that they can communicate with each other, used to simplify the use of outputs from one application in another application (for example, the use of a public map service in a delivery application) |
| ARPU | Average revenue per user |
| B2B | Business-to-business |
| B2C | Business-to-customer |
| B2G | Business-to-government |
| B2O | Business-to-operator |
| BDD | Bridging the Digital Divide national programme |
| Big data | Large amounts of varied structured and unstructured data efficiently processed by horizontally scaled software tools |
| CAGR | Compound average growth rate |
| Capex | Capital expenditures for acquiring or upgrading non-current assets |
| CDN | Content Delivery Network, a large online network of servers geographically distributed across several data centres to serve content to end users with high availability and high performance |
| Cloud services | A model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources |
| CRM | Customer Relation Management software |
| DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service) | An attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. |
| Digital Economy | The Digital Economy of the Russian Federation programme approved by the Russian Government’s Decree dated 28 July 2017 |
| DLDTN | Domestic long-distance transit node |
| DWDM | Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing |
| EBITDA | Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation (an evaluation metric, also known as pre-tax profit) |
| FCF | Free cash flow |
| FOCL | Fibre-optic communications line |
| FTTB (fibre-to-the-building)/FTTx | Broadband network architecture using optical fibre to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications |
| GC | Group of companies |
| HQ | Headquarters of PJSC Rostelecom |
| IFRS | International Financial Reporting Standards |
| IoT/IIoT (Internet of Things /Industrial Internet of Things) | The internet-based interconnection of devices embedded in everyday objects enabling them to send and receive data |
| IP/MPLS | Multiprotocol Label Switching – a routing technique in high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, thus avoiding complex lookups in a routing table |
| IPTV | A system through which television services are delivered using the internet protocol suite over a packet-switched network such as a LAN or the internet |
| Issuer | An entity or an individual issuing securities to support and finance their business |
| IT | Information technology |
| IZTN | Inter-zone transit node |
| KPIs | Key performance indicators |
| Last mile | Final leg of the telecommunications networks that deliver telecommunication services to retail end users |
| LTDP | Long-Term Development Programme |
| MRF | Macroregional branch of PJSC Rostelecom |
| MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) | A telecommunications operator that does not own the mobile network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers under its own brand |
| NFV (Network Functions Virtualisation) | Virtualisation of physical network elements of a telecommunications network |
| NPS (Net Promoter Score) | An index reflecting consumer loyalty to a product or company (likelihood to recommend) and used to gauge repurchase intent |
| O2O (operator-to-operator) | Rostelecom’s project, Operator for Operators, aimed to offer network infrastructure support, operation, and development services to other operators |
| OIBDA | Operating income before depreciation and amortization (an evaluation metric) |
| OSS/BSS (Operation Support System / Business Support System) | An umbrella term describing software applications that support internal business processes of telecoms operators |
| OTT (over the top) | Delivery of video signals from a content provider directly to a user’s device over the internet bypassing an operator |
| Pay TV | Subscription-based television services provided by both analogue and digital cable and satellite television, as well as via digital terrestrial and internet television |
| PBX | Private Branch Exchange |
| PON | Passive Optical Network, a cost-efficient broadband technology |
| ROIC | Return on invested capital |
| RPS | Rostelecom’s Production System |
| RRS | Rostelecom Roznichnye sistemy (Rostelecom Retail Systems) |
| S&A | Subsidiaries and affiliates |
| SDN (Software Defined Network) | An approach facilitating computer network management |
| Smart Home | A high-tech solution for integrating diverse household systems under artificial intelligence control |
| Smart TV | An advanced television set with integrated internet and digital interactive feature |
| Subscriber | An individual or an entity with a valid contract who has used any service entailing data traffic, a subscription fee, or a service charge in the past six months |
| TEA | Transit Europe–Asia terrestrial cable system |
| TMT | Telecom, Media, and Technology |
| TSR (Total Shareholder Return) | Return on investment in equity |
| Utilities | Utilities |
| VAS | Value Added Services |
| VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) | A technology creating a virtual IT infrastructure to deploy full-scale workstations on a single server hosting multiple virtual desktops |
| vIMS (Virtualised IP Multimedia Subsystem) | An architectural framework for delivering IP-based multimedia services |
| VoD (video on demand) | A technology enabling customers to select and view content any time they need. VoD is often delivered to television sets and desktops over IPTV |
| VPN/IP VPN | A virtual private network for expanding a dedicated network through a public network (the internet), enabling desktops to send and receive data via a shared or public network as if the desktop was directly connected to the private network, while taking advantage of the public network functionality, security policy, and management capabilities |
| Wi-Fi | Wireless local area networking (WLAN) of devices |
| Yarovaya law | A package of laws, including: Federal Law No. 374-FZ, On Amendments to Federal Law On Countering Terrorism and Individual Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation with regard to Establishing Additional Measures to Counter Terrorism and Ensure Public Safety, dated 6 July 2016. Federal Law No. 375-FZ, On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation with regard to Establishing Additional Measures to Counter Terrorism and Ensure Public Safety, dated 6 July 2016 |